Types of Asexual Modes of Reproduction in Organisms
Different organism reproduces differently on the basis of their body design.
Reproduction can be asexual or sexual. In the case of asexual reproduction, new individuals are developed from a single parent. Common modes of asexual reproduction include.
Fission
Commonly seen in unicellular organisms in which the parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Different organism shows different ways of fission as in the case of Amoeba fission process can take place in any plane.
Binary fission in Amoeba
In the case of Leishmania, the fission process occurs in a particular orientation. Another e.g. includes Plasmodium which reproduces through multiple fissions.
Multiple fission in Plasmodium
Fragmentation
This type of reproduction method is generally observed in the case of multicellular organisms with simple body organizations. In this process organism after attaining maturity breaks into small fragments which grow into new ones e.g. in case ofSpirogyra
Fragmentation in Spirogyra
Regeneration
Regeneration is a process in which individual body parts of an organism grow into a complete individual. Specialized cells for regeneration grow and proliferate to generate a mass of cells which are then differentiated into different tissues to carry specific functions. It is generally observed in the case of fully differentiated multicellular organisms e.g. Hydra
Hydra
In the case of hydra, a bud develops at some part of the body and continuously divides and develops into a new individual and finally detaches itself from the parent body. This process is known as Budding
Vegetative propagation
It is a process of reproduction in the case of plants in which under appropriate conditions plant parts like leaves, stem, roots, etc can give rise to new individuals. Methods like grafting, layering, etc employ vegetative propagation. It helps to grow plants with no seed-producing capacity like banana orange etc. Plants produced using this method are identical to their parents.
Plants like Bryophyllum develops buds along leaf margins which after falling on the ground develop into new individuals.
Leaf of Bryophyllum showing buds
Spore formation
Spores are reproductive cells produced by certain plants and fungi. Bread mold (Rhizopus) growing on pieces of bread uses spore formation as the mode of reproduction. Rhizopus is made up of thread-like structures known as hyphae with a bulb-like appearance on their top which is known as sporangia. These sporangia contain spores which when encounter favorable conditions give rise to new individuals.
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